How Journalists Are Reporting From Iran With No Internet

Coordinated Israeli and American strikes hit a military compound in Tehran on Saturday, killing dozens of senior regime figures together with Iran’s supreme chief, Ali al-Khamenei.

Inside hours, the federal government imposed a near-total internet blackout, reducing the nation off from the skin world. Mostafa Zadeh, a Tehran-based worldwide journalist, tells WIRED Center East that he was not stunned when “america struck, nor when his telephone’s community died and glued web strains adopted.”

“It’s similar to the state’s response to the January safety crackdown, and even the bouts of unrest that got here earlier than,” Zadeh says. The federal government has routinely cut internet access throughout crises, usually citing safety points because the trigger.

“The Iranian authorities’s major concern is stopping communication between Israeli intelligence operatives and any contacts contained in the nation,” he explains. “However the coverage’s heaviest burden falls on journalists and native media staff who lose entry to their most simple instruments.”

Journalists, activists, and unusual residents making an attempt to doc what is occurring on the bottom face the selection of discovering a method across the restrictions—risking arrest—or staying silent.

“Journalists pay the heaviest worth,” Zadeh says. “The correct of data is at all times the primary casualty when the federal government [prioritizes] its safety goals.”

Repeated Blackouts

Throughout the protests that broke out after the dying of Mahsa Amini in September 2022, authorities repeatedly throttled or partially severed connections in an effort to disrupt communication and coordination networks. Eyewitnesses stated the disruption unfolding now bears placing similarities to the shutdown 4 years earlier, when households have been instantly unable to achieve family members, protesters have been reduce off from each other, and the world was blind to occasions contained in the nation.

Throughout the shutdown this February, Zadeh was considerably ready, having organized a five-day journey to Turkey so he may proceed working. However he was not so fortunate through the shutdown earlier than that, amid the 12-day warfare between Iran and Israel in 2025. The American newspaper he secretly reported for stopped listening to from him, and his editor feared the worst.

This time, though he had entry to a Starlink connection, Zadeh selected to not use it. “The danger of Iranian intelligence detecting the satellite tv for pc sign and tracing it again was too nice,” he says. “An arrest on these grounds may convey prices of treason or espionage.”

Lots of his colleagues, Zadeh says, made the identical choice. Others, nevertheless, remained defiant.

Sweeping authorized modifications launched in late 2025 noticed Iran considerably tighten its espionage legal guidelines. Beneath the revised provisions, anybody accused of spying, notably for Israel or america, now faces the dying penalty and the confiscation of their property.

Reporting Beneath Siege

The methods of Iranian journalists and activists embrace encrypted messaging apps like Signal and Threema, worldwide telephone calls, SMS, and citizen-shot movies smuggled in a foreign country in encrypted type.

Erfan Khorshidi runs a human rights group from exterior Iran however leads a big crew inside Tehran. Forward of the January protests, his group smuggled Starlink terminals to dissidents. His crew, for the primary time ever, may transmit studies, video, and pictures in one thing near actual time.

“It’s the one implies that permits rights organizations to relay correct and dependable data to the skin world,” Khorshidi says. “Earlier than Starlink, web blackouts left huge gaps within the documentation of human rights violations.”

To bypass a few of these gaps, media organizations and rights teams working in Iran depend on high-resolution imagery from industrial suppliers comparable to Maxar Applied sciences and Planet Labs, supplemented by medium-resolution information from the European Area Company’s Copernicus program.